Carol Vernallis Theory

Carol Vernallis said that there are four stages in a music video, these four stages are narrative, editing, camerawork and diegesis.

Narrative:

-The video is a visual response to the music
-The music video suits the style and genre of the song and the artists look
-The music video must also cut in time with the rhythm of the soundtrack
-The video does not necessarilt always have a balance between narrative and performance and the narrative is not always complete- it may be a partial or fragmented narrative.
-The structure may be disjointed.
-There may not always be a clear resolution (closure) to the end of the music video, it may pose questions that are not really answered.
-Something else could be driving the music video forward, it could be the music, performance, a mixture or a different element.
-There may be a narrative or theme running through the video, but in a montage style.


Editing
-Editing may match the musical phase or beat.
-The video may disrupt or break many of the rules of 'continuity editing'. 
-Editing may become foregrounded. The edits may be really obvious, to draw attention to them.
-A style of editing distinctive to that style or genre of music may be used. 


Camerawork
-When it comes to shot types, extremes are very common
-Extreme (close ups) shots are common, however they aren't as common as mid shots and regular close ups, it enables the audience to familiarise themselves with the face and look of the artists.
-The style of framing and movement may run through the video and be distinctive to that video.
-The camera may move in time with the music and may move to the lyrics
-The master shot, or establishing shot is used frequently. 

Diegesis
It may be revealved quite slowly. 
-Actions are not necessarily completed, they are often disrupted or interrupted inn some way. 
-Characters or objects may move within the music video. 
-There may be gaps in the audiences understanding of the diegesis- in time, space, music, performance and narrative, 
-Some frames may be more important than others. 
-There may be many repetitions throughout- phrases, beats, other musical elements, themes, lyrics, performance, colours, images or camera positions.